American scholar Joseph Emerson Worcester originally published his two volume Geographical Dictionary in 1817, the extract below is from the expanded second edition, published in 1823:
"POLAND ... The constitution has been defined the government of a half a million of men of property, styled nobles, over 1,000,000 Jewish traders, and 13,000,000 slaves. ... The Jews comprise the men of business of the country ; the current money is chiefly in their hands, and a great proportion of the land is mortgaged to them."
Worcester, J. E. Geographical
Dictionary or Universal Gazetteer,
Ancient and Modern.
Volume II (Second Edition). Boston:
Cummings & Hilliard. 1823. pp.346-346.
This article doesn't jibe with accepted history of Polish demographics! I really wonder why...
Reply[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Poland#Partitions_.281795.E2.80.931918.29]:
An estimate for 1815 gives 11 million Poles, out of which 5m were under Russian control (4 million in Congress Poland and 1 million in the territories incorporated into the Russian Empire), 3.5m in the Prussian partition territories and 3m in the Austrian partition territories.[Based on 1815 population map (p.161-163) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, ISBN 0-88029-394-2]
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Congress Poland had a population of about 4.25 million around 1830.[Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-55917-0, Google Print, p.129]