http://www.commondreams.org/views01/1030-02.htm
Backyard Terrorism
October 30, 2001 in the Guardian of London
The US Has Been Training Terrorists At a Camp in Georgia for Years -
And It's Still At It
By George Monbiot
"If any government sponsors the outlaws and killers of innocents,"
George Bush announced on the day he began bombing Afghanistan, "they
have become outlaws and murderers themselves. And they will take that
lonely path at their own peril." I'm glad he said "any government", as
there's one which, though it has yet to be identified as a sponsor of
terrorism, requires his urgent attention.
For the past 55 years it has been running a terrorist training camp,
whose victims massively outnumber the people killed by the attack on
New York, the embassy bombings and the other atrocities laid, rightly
or wrongly, at al-Qaida's door. The camp is called the Western
Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, or Whisc. It is based
in Fort Benning, Georgia, and it is funded by Mr Bush's government.
Until January this year, Whisc was called the "School of the
Americas", or SOA. Since 1946, SOA has trained more than 60,000 Latin
American soldiers and policemen. Among its graduates are many of the
continent's most notorious torturers, mass murderers, dictators and
state terrorists. As hundreds of pages of documentation compiled by
the pressure group SOA Watch show, Latin America has been ripped apart
by its alumni.
In June this year, Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, once a student at the
school, was convicted in Guatemala City of murdering Bishop Juan
Gerardi in 1998. Gerardi was killed because he had helped to write a
report on the atrocities committed by Guatemala's D-2, the military
intelligence agency run by Lima Estrada with the help of two other SOA
graduates. D-2 coordinated the "anti-insurgency" campaign which
obliterated 448 Mayan Indian villages, and murdered tens of thousands
of their people. Forty per cent of the cabinet ministers who served
the genocidal regimes of Lucas Garcia, Rios Montt and Mejia Victores
studied at the School of the Americas.
In 1993, the United Nations truth commission on El Salvador named the
army officers who had committed the worst atrocities of the civil war.
Two-thirds of them had been trained at the School of the Americas.
Among them were Roberto D'Aubuisson, the leader of El Salvador's death
squads; the men who killed Archbishop Oscar Romero; and 19 of the 26
soldiers who murdered the Jesuit priests in 1989. In Chile, the
school's graduates ran both Augusto Pinochet's secret police and his
three principal concentration camps. One of them helped to murder
Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffit in Washington DC in 1976.
Argentina's dictators Roberto Viola and Leopoldo Galtieri, Panama's
Manuel Noriega and Omar Torrijos, Peru's Juan Velasco Alvarado and
Ecuador's Guillermo Rodriguez all benefited from the school's
instruction. So did the leader of the Grupo Colina death squad in
Fujimori's Peru; four of the five officers who ran the infamous
Battalion 3-16 in Honduras (which controlled the death squads there in
the 1980s) and the commander responsible for the 1994 Ocosingo
massacre in Mexico.
All this, the school's defenders insist, is ancient history. But SOA
graduates are also involved in the dirty war now being waged, with US
support, in Colombia. In 1999 the US State Department's report on
human rights named two SOA graduates as the murderers of the peace
commissioner, Alex Lopera. Last year, Human Rights Watch revealed that
seven former pupils are running paramilitary groups there and have
commissioned kidnappings, disappearances, murders and massacres. In
February this year an SOA graduate in Colombia was convicted of
complicity in the torture and killing of 30 peasants by
paramilitaries. The school is now drawing more of its students from
Colombia than from any other country.
The FBI defines terrorism as "violent acts... intended to intimidate
or coerce a civilian population, influence the policy of a government,
or affect the conduct of a government", which is a precise description
of the activities of SOA's graduates. But how can we be sure that
their alma mater has had any part in this? Well, in 1996, the US
government was forced to release seven of the school's training
manuals. Among other top tips for terrorists, they recommended
blackmail, torture, execution and the arrest of witnesses' relatives.
Last year, partly as a result of the campaign run by SOA Watch,
several US congressmen tried to shut the school down. They were
defeated by 10 votes. Instead, the House of Representatives voted to
close it and then immediately reopen it under a different name. So,
just as Windscale turned into Sellafield in the hope of parrying
public memory, the School of the Americas washed its hands of the past
by renaming itself Whisc. As the school's Colonel Mark Morgan informed
the Department of Defense just before the vote in Congress: "Some of
your bosses have told us that they can't support anything with the
name 'School of the Americas' on it. Our proposal addresses this
concern. It changes the name." Paul Coverdell, the Georgia senator who
had fought to save the school, told the papers that the changes were
"basically cosmetic".
But visit Whisc's website and you'll see that the School of the
Americas has been all but excised from the record. Even the page
marked "History" fails to mention it. Whisc's courses, it tells us,
"cover a broad spectrum of relevant areas, such as operational
planning for peace operations; disaster relief; civil-military
operations; tactical planning and execution of counter drug
operations".
Several pages describe its human rights initiatives. But, though they
account for almost the entire training program, combat and commando
techniques, counter-insurgency and interrogation aren't mentioned. Nor
is the fact that Whisc's "peace" and "human rights" options were also
offered by SOA in the hope of appeasing Congress and preserving its
budget: but hardly any of the students chose to take them.
We can't expect this terrorist training camp to reform itself: after
all, it refuses even to acknowledge that it has a past, let alone to
learn from it. So, given that the evidence linking the school to
continuing atrocities in Latin America is rather stronger than the
evidence linking the al-Qaida training camps to the attack on New
York, what should we do about the "evil-doers" in Fort Benning,
Georgia?
Well, we could urge our governments to apply full diplomatic pressure,
and to seek the extradition of the school's commanders for trial on
charges of complicity in crimes against humanity. Alternatively, we
could demand that our governments attack the United States, bombing
its military installations, cities and airports in the hope of
overthrowing its unelected government and replacing it with a new
administration overseen by the UN. In case this proposal proves
unpopular with the American people, we could win their hearts and
minds by dropping naan bread and dried curry in plastic bags stamped
with the Afghan flag.
You object that this prescription is ridiculous, and I agree. But try
as I might, I cannot see the moral difference between this course of
action and the war now being waged in Afghanistan.
(c) Guardian Newspapers Limited 2001
